Question 1.
Which one of the following characteristics is true regarding the use of hubs and switches?

A. Hubs can have their ports be configured with VLANs
B. Using hubs is costly with regard to bandwidth availability.
C. Switches can not forward broadcasts.
D. Switches are more efficient than hubs in processing frames.
E. Switches increase the number of collision domains in the network.

Answer: E

Explanation: 
Switches increases the number of collisions domains in the network. Switches that are configured with VLANs will reduce the size of the collision domains by increasing the number of collision domains in a network, but making them smaller than that of one big, flat network.

Incorrect Answers: 
A. Switches are capable of VLAN configurations, but hubs are not.
B. Hubs are generally the least costly method possible to connect multiple devices together in a network.
C. Switches forward broadcasts and multicasts, by default, to all ports within the same VLAN. Only routers block all broadcast traffic by default.
D. Switches and hubs can be equally efficient in processing frames, in theory. In practice, switches are generally more efficient as they usually have more CPU and memory allocated to them, and are generally much more expensive than a simple hub.

Question 2.
When comparing and contrasting the similarities and differences between bridges and switches, which of the following are valid statements? Choose all the valid answer choices)

A. Bridges are faster than switches because they have fewer ports.
B. A switch is a multiport bridge,
C. Bridges and switches learn MAC addresses by examining the source MAC address of each 
    frame received.
D. A bridge will forward a broadcast but a switch will not.
E. Bridges and switches increase the size of a collision domain.
F. None of the above statements are true.

Answer: B, C

Explanation:
Both bridges and switches build the bridge table by listening to incoming frames and examining the source MAC address in the frame. Switches are multiport bridges that allow you to create multiple broadcast domains. Each broadcast domain is like a distinct virtual bridge within a switch.

Incorrect Answers: 
A. Switches are generally faster than bridges. Bridges also do not necessarily have fewer ports than switches.
D. Both bridges and switches will forward broadcast and multicast traffic, assuming that the traffic remains in the same VLAN.
E. The use of VLANs in a switch can decrease the size of the collision domain, by creating additional, smaller collision domains.

Question 3.
Which of the following correctly describe the various functions and virtues of a router? (Select all valid answer choices)

A. Packet switching
B. Collision prevention on a LAN segment.
C. Packet filtering
D. Broadcast domain enlargement
E. Broadcast forwarding
F. Internetwork communication
G. None of the above

Answer: A, C, F

Explanation:
The main function of a router is to connect different, separated networks together. In doing so, switching packets from one network to another is a primary function, along with providing for communication between networks. As an additional feature, routers are capable of providing filtering on a network address and application port level, so choice C is also correct.

Incorrect Answers: 
B. Routers can indeed be used to segment a network separate a collision domain, since routers do not forward LAN broadcasts and multicasts to other interfaces. However, routers alone can not prevent all collisions from occurring on any given LAN segment.
D. Routers actually segment LANs into smaller broadcast domains.
E. Routers do not forward broadcast and multicast traffic out the additional interfaces by default. Unless bridging or IP helpers are configured on the router, LAN broadcasts are blocked at the router level.

Question 4.
The LAN needs are expanding at the ITCertKeys corporate office, which is quickly growing. You are instructed to enlarge the area covered by a single LAN segment on the ITCertKeys network. 

Which of the following are layer 1 devices that you can use? (Choose all that apply.)

A. A switch
B. A router
C. A network adapter card
D. A hub
E. A repeater

Answer: D, E

Explanation:
A hub simply repeats the electrical signal and makes no attempt to interpret the electrical signal (layer 1) as a LAN frame (Layer 2). So, a hub actually performs OSI layer 1 functions, repeating an electrical signal, whereas a switch performs OSI layer 2 functions, actually interpreting Ethernet header information, particularly addresses, to make forwarding decisions. Hubs can be used to increase the number of stations that can be supported on a LAN. Because the repeater does not interpret what the bits mean, but does examine and generate electrical signals, a repeater is considered to operate at Layer 1. Repeaters can be used to physically extend the LAN to greater distances.

Question 5.
Cisco is the leader in the router market space. What basic functions do their routers perform in a network? (Choose two)

A. The microsegmentation of broadcast domains
B. Path selection
C. Packet switching
D. Bridging between LAN segments
E. Access layer security
F. VLAN membership assignment
G. Application optimization

Answer: B, C

Explanation:
The primary functions of a router are: Packet Switching and Path Selection. It is the routers job to determine the best method for delivering the data, and switching that data as quickly as possible.

Question 6.
The ITCertKeys network administrator needs to determine what LAN devices to install on the ITCertKeys network. 

What are two advantages of using Layer 2 Ethernet switches over hubs? (Choose two)

A. Allowing simultaneous frame transmissions
B. Increasing the size of broadcast domains
C. Increasing the maximum length of UTP cabling between devices
D. Filtering frames based on MAC addresses
E. Decreasing the number of collision domains

Answer: A, D

Explanation:
A: A half duplex connection is where only one device can send or receive at a time. A full duplex connection is where both devices can send and receive at the same time. Thus, if you have a 100Mb half-duplex connection, only sending at 100Mb OR receiving at 100Mb can happen at the same time. If you have a 100Mb full duplex connection, you can effectively get 200Mb out of the link because you could be sending 100Mb and receiving 100Mb at the same time.
D: Switches are capable of filtering frames based on any Layer 2 fields. For example, a switch can be programmed to reject (not forward) all frames sourced from a particular network. Because link layer information often includes a reference to an upper-layer protocol, switches usually can filter on this parameter. Furthermore, filters can be helpful in dealing with unnecessary broadcast and multicast packets.

Question 7.
CDP is being used throughout the ITCertKeys network. 

What are two reasons why the ITCertKeys network administrator would use CDP? (Choose two)

A. To determine the status of network services on a remote device
B. To obtain the IP Address of a connected device in order to telnet to the device
C. To verify the type of cable interconnecting two devices
D. To verify Layer 2 connectivity between two devices when Layer 3 fails
E. To obtain VLAN information from directly connected switches
F. To determine the status of the routing protocols between directly connected routers
G. To support automatic network failover during outages

Answer: B, D

Explanation:
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) is a proprietary protocol designed by Cisco to help administrators collect information about both locally attached and remote devices. By using CDP, you can gather hardware and protocol information about neighbor devices, which is useful info for troubleshooting and documenting the network. 

You can use:
Show cdp neighbor
Show cdp neighbor details
Commands to gather the information of connected neighbors.

Question 8.
CDP is running between two ITCertKeys devices. 

What information is supplied by CDP? (Select three)

A. Device Identifiers
B. Capabilities list
C. Platform
D. Route identifier
E. Neighbor traffic data

Answer: A, B, C

Explanation:
 

Question 9.
Two ITCertKeys offices are connected as shown below:
 
Two buildings on the London campus of a the ITCertKeys corporation must be connected to use Ethernet with a bandwidth of at least 100 Mbps. ITCertKeys is concerned about possible problems from voltage potential differences between the two buildings. 

Which media type should be used for the connection?

A. Coaxial cable
B. Fiber optic cable
C. UTP cable
D. STP cable
E. None of the above

Answer: B

Explanation:
Current Ethernet technology typically comes via either copper UTP or fiber cables. In this scenario the distance between the buildings is only 55 meters so either copper or fiber could be used, as the distance limitation for 100M UTP Ethernet is 100 meters. However, fiber would be a better fit as it is not prone to errors that could occur due to the voltage potential differences. Because fiber is a dielectric material, it's not susceptible to electrical interference. FO-product vendors also claim that fiber systems make secure communications easier. Interference immunity and lack of emissions are givens in FO systems and in the fiber medium itself.

Question 10.
Refer to the ITCertKeys network shown below:
 

You work as a network technician at ITCertKeys.com. Please study the exhibit carefully. Based on the information shown above, what is needed to allow host ITCertKeys1 to ping host ITCertKeys2?

A. A crossover cable connecting the switches
B. A backbone switch connecting the switches with either fiber optic or straight-through cables
C. A straight-through cable connecting the switches
D. A CSU/DSU connected to the switches with straight-through cables
E. A router connected to the switches with straight-through cables

Answer: E

Explanation:
Routers are Layers 3 devices used for inter-network communication. In this scenario there are two different networks, so both switches need to connect to a router using straight-through cables. A straight-through cable is used to connect two different devices like, switch to router, host to switch. Since we need to insert a router for communication between the two switches, straight through cables will be used between the switches and the router. 

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