Question 1.
Which statement is true about the hardware requirements of MPLS?

A. Because you do not need to run a routing protocol on P-routers, they require less memory than routers supporting classic IP routing.
B. Because of the additional processing and memory requirements needed to build the LFIB, MPLS is only available on high end routers.
C. MPLS is available on low end routers, built their use is limited because of the additional processing and memory requirements needed to build the LFIB.
D. Because P-routers do not need to carry routes outside the MPLD domain, they require less memory than routers that support the same application using classic IP routing.

Answer: C

Question 2.
If aggregation (summarization) were to be used on a network with ATM LSRs.

What would result?

A. LSPs would be broken in two.
B. There would be extra LFIB entries.
C. The size of the LFIB table would increase.
D. There would be extra LIB entries

Answer: A

Question 3.
What is true of MPLS TE?

A. Only the ingress LSR must see the entire topology of the network.
B. Every LSR needs additional information about links in the network, available resources, and constraints.
C. Every core router must be able to create an LSP tunnel on demand.
D. Both RSVP and CR-LDP are used in conjunction to establish traffic engineering (TE) tunnels and to propagate the labels.

Answer: B

Question 4.
What is a major drawback of using traditional IP routing over an ATM network when connecting multiple sites?

A. Each ATM switch in the path has to perform Layer 3 routing lookup.
B. ATM virtual circuits have to be established between the different sites.
C. There is high ATM management overhead between the ATM switch and the router at each site.
D. Each ATM switch has to be manually configured to participate in Layer 3 routing.
E. There is high PNNI overhead.-

Answer: B

Explanation:
Drawbacks of Traditional IP Forwarding IP over ATM
1) Layer 2 devices have no knowledge of Layer 3 routing information - virtual circuits must be manually established.
2) Layer 2 topology may be different from Layer 3 topology, resulting in suboprtimal paths and link use.
3) Even if the two topologies overlap, the hub-and-spoke topology is usually used because of easier management.

Question 5.
What is true of MPLS TE?

A. Only the ingress LSR must see the entire topology of the network.
B. Every LSR needs additional information about links in the network, available resources, and constraints.
C. Every core router must be able to create an LSP tunnel on demand.
D. Both RSVP and CR-LDP are used in conjunction to establish traffic engineering (TE) tunnels and to propagate the labels.

Answer: B

Question 6.
In order for MPLS to be implemented on ATM switches, what requirements must the ATM switch meet? Select two.

A. become Layer 3 aware by running a routing protocol
B. use MPLS LDP or TDP to distribute and receive MPLS label information
C. use BGP to exchange MPLS VPN labels in the data plane
D. use RSVP to exchange MPLS traffic-engineering labels in the data plane
E. establish a full mesh of Layer 2 ATM virtual circuits between all the ATM switches in the MPLS domain
F. use cell-mode MPLS and insert MPLS label in the ATM AAL5 header

Answer: A, B

Question 7.
When running basic MPLS in conjunction with VPNs, how many labels does each packet contain?

A. Each packet contains one label that identifies the VPN.
B. Each packet contains at least two labels. One label identifies the path to the egress router and one that identifies the VPN.
C. Each packet contains at least three labels. One label identifies the ingress router, one identifies the egress router and one identifies the path that will be taken.
D. Each packet contains at least three labels. One label identifies the ingress router, one label identifies the path to the egress router, and one identifies the VPN.

Answer: B

Question 8.
On ingress, a label is imposed to a packet. Which process is responsible for this function?

A. LDP process.
B. Control plane process
C. Penultimate hop process.
D. Forwarding plane process.

Answer: B

Question 9.
How could you check for potential MTU size issues on the path taken by a PE-to-PE LSP?

A. Because MPLS packets are label switched, MTU problems can only be detected by the user applications.
B. Use the ping vrf command with packet size set to the largest MTU along the path and DF bit set from the local PE-router to ping the remote PE-router.
C. Use the ping vrf command with packet size set to the smallest MTU along the path and DF bit set from the local PE-router to ping the remote PE-router.
D. Because MPLS packets are label switched, packets are automatically fragmented and reassembled by the PE-routers. Therefore, there are no potential MTU issues.

Answer: B

Question 10.
Which one of the following is true regarding MPLS independent control label allocations?

A. The LSR can always assign a label for a destination prefix, even if it has no downstream label.
B. The LSR can assign a label for a destination prefix only if it has already receives a label from the next-hop LSR, otherwise, it must request a label from the next-hop LSR.
C. The LSR will assign a label to a destination prefix only when asked for a label by an upstream LSR.
D. The label for a destination prefix is allocated and advertised to all LDP peers, regardless of whether the LDP peers are upstream or downstream LSRs for the destination prefix.
E. The LSR stores the receives label in its LIB, even when the label is not received from the next-hop LSR.
F. The LSR stores only the labels received from the next-hop LSR, all other labels are ignored.

Answer: A

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