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Processors Study Notes

A microprocessor is an integrated circuit built on a tiny piece of silicon. It contains thousands, or even millions, of transistors, which are interconnected via superfine traces of aluminum. The transistors work together to store and manipulate data so that the microprocessor can perform a wide variety of useful functions. The particular functions a microprocessor performs are dictated by software.

Intel's first microprocessor was the 4004. It was introduced in 1971, and contained 2,300 transistors. Today's Pentium® 4 processor, by contrast, contains 55 million transistors.

One of the most common tasks microprocessors perform is to serve as the "brains" inside personal computers, but they deliver "intelligence" to countless other devices as well. For example, they may give your telephone speed-dial and redial options, automatically turn down your house's thermostat at night, and make your car safer and more energy efficient.

Complete Intel Family Processors

Intel® Pentium® M Processor

Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Core Voltage	Wattage	Typical Use
Intel® Pentium® M Processor	1.60 GHz 1.50 GHz 1.40 GHz 1.30 GHz	Mar. 12, 2003	0.13-micron 77 million	1 MB Low Power L2 cache	400 MHz	1.48V in Max. Perf. Mode 0.96V in Battery Optimized Mode 1.39V in Max Perf. Mode 0.96V in Battery Optimized Mode (1.30 GHz version)	<1 watt in Battery Optimized Mode	Full-size and thin & light mobile PCs

*Low Voltage*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Core Voltage	Wattage	Typical Use
Intel® Pentium® M Processor	1.10 GHz	Mar. 12, 2003	0.13-micron 77 million	1 MB Low Power L2 cache	400 MHz	1.18V in Max. Perf. Mode 0.96V in Battery Optimized Mode	<1 watt in Battery Optimized Mode	Full-size and thin & light mobile PCs

*Ultra Low Voltage*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Core Voltage	Wattage	Typical Use
Intel® Pentium® M Processor	900 MHz	Mar. 12, 2003	0.13-micron 77 million	1 MB Low Power L2 cache	400 MHz	1.00V in Max. Perf. Mode 0.84V in Battery Optimized Mode	<0.5 watt in Battery Optimized Mode	Full-size and thin & light mobile PCs

Intel® Itanium® Processor Family

Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Typical Use
Intel® Itanium® 2 Processor	1 GHz 900 MHz	July 8, 2002	0.18-micron 220 million	3 MB and 1.5 MB L3 Cache	Demanding enterprise-class servers, workstations and high-performance applications
Intel® Itanium® Processor	800 MHz 733 MHz	May 2001	0.18-micron 25 million	2 MB and 4 MB L3 Cache	Demanding enterprise-class servers, workstations and high-performance applications

Intel® Xeon™ Processor Family

Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Typical Use
Intel® Xeon™ Processor	3.06 GHz	Mar. 10, 2003	0.13-micron 108 million	512 KB L2 Cache	533 MHz	Workstations and servers
Intel® Xeon™ Processor	2.80 GHz 2.60 GHz 2.40 GHz 2 GHz	Nov. 18, 2002	0.13-micron 108 million	512 KB L2 Cache	533 MHz	Workstations and servers
Intel® Xeon™ Processor MP	2 GHz 1.90 GHz 1.50 GHz	Nov. 4, 2002	0.13-micron 108 million	2 MB, 1 MB Integrated L3 Cache	400 MHz	Multi-processing mid-tier and back-end servers
Intel® Xeon™ Processor MP	1.60 GHz 1.50 GHz 1.40 GHz	Mar. 12, 2002	0.18-micron 108 million	256 KB Adv. Transfer L2 Cache 8 KB Execution Trace L1 Cache	400 MHz	Multi-processing mid-tier and back-end servers
Intel® Xeon™ Processor	2.80 GHz 2.60 GHz 2.40 GHz 2.20 GHz 2 GHz 1.80 GHz	Sept. 11, 2002 2.80 GHz 2.60 GHz Apr. 3, 2002 2.40 GHz Feb, 25, 2002 Workstations and servers based on Intel® E7500 chipset and 3rd party chipsets Jan. 9, 2002 Workstations and servers based on the Intel® 860 chipset	0.13-micron 55 million	512 KB Advanced Transfer L2 Cache	400 MHz	High-performance and mid-range dual processor enabled workstations and servers.
Intel® Xeon™ Processor	2 GHz 1.70 GHz 1.50 GHz 1.40 GHz	Sep. 25, 2001 2 GHz May 21, 2001 1.70 GHz 1.50 GHz 1.40 GHz	0.18-micron 42 million	256 KB Advanced Transfer L2 Cache	400 MHz	High-performance and mid-range dual processor enabled workstations and servers.

Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor

*Desktop*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Typical Use
Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor	3 GHz	Apr. 14, 2003	0.13-micron 55 million	512 KB Advanced Transfer L2 cache	800 MHz	Desktops and entry-level workstations
Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor	3.06 GHz	Nov. 14, 2002	0.13-micron 55 million	512 KB Advanced Transfer L2 cache	533 MHz	Desktops and entry-level workstations
Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor	2.80 GHz 2.66 GHz 2.53 GHz 2.40 GHz 2.26 GHz	Aug. 26, 2002 2.80 GHz 2.66 GHz May 6, 2002 2.53 GHz 2.40 GHz 2.26 GHz	0.13-micron 55 million	512 KB Advanced Transfer L2 cache	533 MHz	Desktops and entry-level workstations
Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor	2.60 GHz 2.50 GHz 2.40 GHz 2.20 GHz 2 GHz	Aug. 26, 2002 2.60 GHz 2.50 GHz Apr. 2, 2002 2.40 GHz Jan. 7, 2002 2.2 GHz Aug. 27, 2001 2 GHz	0.13-micron 55 million	512 KB Advanced Transfer L2 cache	400 MHz	Desktops and entry-level workstations
Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor	2 GHz 1.90 GHz 1.80 GHz 1.70 GHz 1.60 GHz 1.50 GHz 1.40 GHz	Aug. 27, 2001 2 GHz 1.90 GHz Jul. 2, 2001 1.80 GHz 1.60 GHz Apr. 23, 2001 1.70 GHz Nov. 20, 2000 1.50 GHz 1.40 GHz	0.18-micron 42 million	256 KB Advanced Transfer L2 cache	400 MHz	Desktops and entry-level workstations

*Mobile*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Core Voltage	Wattage	Typical Use
Mobile Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor-M	2.50 GHz 2.40 GHz 2.20 GHz 2 GHz 1.90 GHz 1.80 GHz 1.70 GHz 1.60 GHz 1.50 GHz 1.40 GHz	Apr. 16, 2003 2.50 GHz Jan. 14, 2003 2.40 GHz Sept. 16, 2002 2.20 GHz June 24, 2002 2 GHz 1.90 GHz Apr. 23, 2002 1.80 GHz 1.50 GHz 1.40 GHz Mar. 4, 2002 1.70 GHz 1.60 GHz	0.13-micron 55 million	512 KB on-die L2 cache	400 MHz	1.3 volts in Max. Perf. Mode 1.2 volts in Battery Optimized Mode	<2 watts in Battery Optimized Mode	Full-size and thin & light mobile PCs

*Applied Computing*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Typical Use
Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor for Applied Computing	2.40 GHz	June 25, 2002	0.13-micron 55 million	512 KB on-die L2 cache	400 MHz 533 MHz	Applied computing, communications, interactive client and industrial automation applications.
Mobile Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor-M for Applied Computing	1.70 GHz	June 25, 2002	0.13-micron 55 million	512 KB on-die L2 cache	400 MHz 533 MHz	Applied computing, communications, interactive client and industrial automation applications.

Intel® Pentium® III Processor

*Desktop*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Typical Use
Intel® Pentium® III Processor	1 GHz 933 MHz 866 MHz 850 MHz	Mar. 8, 2000 1 GHz Mar. 20, 2000 866 MHz 850 MHz May 24, 2000 933 MHz	0.18-micron 28 million	256 KB Advanced Transfer cache	100 MHz 133 MHz	Business, consumer PCs; 1- and 2-way servers and workstations
Intel® Pentium® III Processor	733 MHz 700 MHz 667 MHz 650 MHz 600 MHz 550 MHz 533 MHz 500 MHz	Oct. 25, 1999	0.18-micron 28 million	256 KB Advanced Transfer cache	100 MHz 133 MHz	Business, consumer PCs; 1- and 2-way servers and workstations
Intel® Pentium® III Processor	600 MHz 550 MHz 500 MHz 450 MHz	Aug. 2, 1999 600 MHz May 17, 1999 550 MHz Feb. 26, 1999 500 MHz 450 Mhz	0.25-micron 9.5 million	512 KB	100 MHz	Business, consumer PCs; 1- and 2-way servers and workstations

*Server*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Typical Use
Intel® Pentium® III Processor for servers	1.40 GHz	Jan. 8, 2002	0.13-micron 44 million	512 KB Advanced Transfer Cache	133 MHz	Rack-mounted and pedestal front-end application servers; ultra-dense servers

*Ultra-Low Voltage*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Core Voltage	Wattage	Typical Use
Ultra Low Voltage Mobile Intel® Pentium® III Processor-M	933 MHz / 400 MHz Battery Optimized	Jan. 14, 2003	0.13-micron 55 million	512 KB Advanced Transfer cache	133 MHz	1.1V Max. Performance 0.95V Battery Optimized	<0.5 Battery Optimized	Mini- and Sub-notebooks, Ultra-dense blade servers
Ultra Low Voltage Mobile Intel® Pentium® III Processor-M	900 MHz / 400 MHz Battery Optimized	Jan. 14, 2003	0.13-micron 55 million	512 KB Advanced Transfer cache	100 MHz	1.1V Max. Performance 0.95V Battery Optimized	<0.5 Battery Optimized	Mini- and Sub-notebooks, Ultra-dense blade servers
Ultra Low Voltage Mobile Intel® Pentium® III Processor-M	866 MHz / 400 MHz Battery Optimized	Sept. 16, 2002	0.13-micron 55 million	512 KB Advanced Transfer cache	133 MHz	1.1V Max. Performance 0.95V Battery Optimized	<0.5 Battery Optimized	Mini- and Sub-notebooks, Ultra-dense blade servers
Ultra Low Voltage Mobile Intel® Pentium® III Processor-M	850 MHz / 400 MHz Battery Optimized	Sept. 16, 2002	0.13-micron 44 million	512 KB Advanced Transfer cache	100 MHz	1.1V Max. Performance 0.95V Battery Optimized	<0.5 Battery Optimized	Mini- and Sub-notebooks, Ultra-dense blade servers
Ultra Low Voltage Mobile Intel® Pentium® III Processor	800 MHz / 400 MHz Battery Optimized	Apr. 17, 2002	0.13-micron 44 million	512 KB Advanced Transfer cache	133 MHz	1.5V in Max. Perf. Mode 1.05V in Battery Optimized Mode	<0.5 watts in Battery Optimized Mode	Mini- and Sub-notebooks
Ultra Low Voltage Mobile Intel® Pentium® III Processor-M	800 MHz / 400 MHz Battery Optimized	Apr. 17, 2002	0.13-micron 44 million	512 KB Advanced Transfer cache	100 MHz	1.5V in Max. Perf. Mode 1.05V in Battery Optimized Mode	<0.5 watts in Battery Optimized Mode	Mini- and Sub-notebooks, Ultra-dense blade servers
Ultra Low Voltage Mobile Intel® Pentium® III Processor 512K	700 MHz	Nov. 13, 2001	0.13-micron 44 million	512 KB on-die L2 cache	100 MHz	1.1V		Ultra-dense servers
Ultra Low Voltage Mobile Intel® Pentium® III Processor Featuring Intel® SpeedStep™ Technology	750 MHz / 350 MHz Battery Optimized	Jan. 21, 2002	0.13-micron 44 million	512 KB Advanced Transfer cache	133 MHz	1.1V / <0.95V Battery Optimized	<0.5 watt Battery Optimized	Business and consumer mobile PCs
Ultra Low Voltage Mobile Intel® Pentium® III Processor Featuring Intel® SpeedStep™ Technology	750 MHz 500 MHz	May. 21, 2002 600 MHz Jan. 30, 2001 500 MHz	0.13-micron 44 million	256 KB Advanced Transfer cache	100 MHz	1.1V at 600, 500 MHz <1V Battery Optimized	<1 watt at 600, 500 MHz < 0.5 watt at 300 MHz	Business and consumer mobile PCs

*Low Voltage*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Core Voltage	Wattage	Typical Use
Low Voltage Mobile Intel® Pentium® III Processor-M Featuring Intel® SpeedStep™ Technology	1 GHz / 533 MHz Battery Optimized 933 MHz / 533 MHz Battery Optimized 866 MHz / 533 MHz Battery Optimized 850 MHz / 500 MHz Battery Optimized	Sept. 16, 2002 1 GHz Apr. 17, 2002 933 MHz Jan. 21, 2002 866 MHz 850 MHz	0.13-micron 44 million	512 KB Advanced Transfer cache	133 MHz	1.15V / 1.05V Battery Optimized	<1 watt Battery Optimized	Business and Consumer Mobile PCs
Low Voltage Mobile Intel® Pentium® III Processor Featuring Intel® SpeedStep™ Technology	750 MHz / 500 MHz Battery Optimized 700 MHz / 500 MHz Battery Optimized 600 MHz / 500 MHz Battery Optimized	May 21, 2001 750 MHz Feb. 27, 2001 700 MHz Jun. 19, 2000 600 MHz	0.18-micron 28 million	256 KB Advanced Transfer cache	100 MHz	1.1V Battery Optimized	<1 watt Battery Optimized	Business and Consumer Mobile PCs

*Mobile*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Core Voltage	Wattage	Typical Use
Mobile Intel® Pentium® III Processor-M	1.33 GHz 1.26 GHz	Sept. 16, 2002	0.13-micron 44 million	512 KB on-die L2 cache	133 MHz	1.4V / 1.15V Battery Optimized	<1.5 watts Battery Optimized	Full-size and thin & light mobile PCs
Mobile Intel® Pentium® III Processor-M	1.20 GHz 1.13 GHz 1.06 GHz 1 GHz	Oct. 1, 2001 1.20 GHz Jul. 30, 2001 1.13 GHz 1.06 GHz 1 GHz	0.13-micron 44 million	512 KB on-die L2 cache	133 MHz	1.4V / 1.15V Battery Optimized	<2 watts Battery Optimized	Full-size and thin & light mobile PCs
Mobile Intel® Pentium® III Processor-M	933 MHz 866 MHz	Jul. 30, 2001	0.13-micron 28 million	512 KB on-die L2 cache	133 MHz	1.15V / 1.05V Battery Optimized	<1 watt Battery Optimized	Full-size and thin & light mobile PCs
Mobile Intel® Pentium® III Processor Featuring Intel® SpeedStep™ Technology	1 GHz 900 MHz 850 MHz 800 MHz 750 MHz	Mar. 19, 2001 1 GHz 900 MHz Sep. 25, 2000 850 MHz 800 MHz Jun. 19, 2000 750 MHz	0.18-micron 28 million	256 KB Advanced Transfer cache	100 MHz	1.35V / 1.05V Battery Optimized	<2 watts Battery Optimized	Full-size and thin & light mobile PCs
Mobile Intel® Pentium® III Processor Featuring Intel® SpeedStep™ Technology	700 MHz / 550 MHz Battery Optimized 650 MHz / 500 MHz Battery Optimized 600 MHz / 500 MHz Battery Optimized	Apr. 24, 2000 700 MHz Jan. 18, 2000 650 MHz 600 MHz	0.18-micron 28 million	256 KB Advanced Transfer cache	100 MHz	1.35V	<2 watts Battery Optimized	Full-size and thin & light mobile PCs
Mobile Intel® Pentium® III Processor	500 MHz 450 MHz 400 MHz	Oct. 25, 1999	0.18-micron 28 million	256 KB Advanced Transfer cache	100 MHz	1.6V 500 MHz 450 MHz 1.35V 400 MHz	n/a	Full-size and thin & light mobile PCs

*Applied Computing*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Core Voltage	Addressable Memory	Typical Use
Low Voltage Intel® Pentium® III Processor for Applied Computing	700 MHz	Mar. 19, 2001	0.18-micron 28 million	256 KB Advanced Transfer cache	100 MHz	1.35V	64 GB	Small form factor boards, rack mount communications applications

Intel® Celeron® Processor

*Desktop*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Typical Use
Intel® Celeron® Processor	2.40 GHz 2.30 GHz 2.20 GHz 2.10 GHz	Mar. 31, 2003 2.40 GHz 2.30 GHz Nov. 20, 2002 2.20 GHz 2.10 GHz	0.13-micron	128 KB Advanced Transfer L2 cache	400 MHz	Value PCs
Intel® Celeron® Processor	2 GHz	Sept. 18, 2002	0.13-micron	128 KB Advanced Transfer L2 cache	400 MHz	Value PCs
Intel® Celeron® Processor	1.80 GHz 1.70 GHz	June 12, 2002 1.80 GHz May 15, 2002 1.70 GHz	0.18-micron	128 KB Advanced Transfer L2 cache	400 MHz	Value PCs
Intel® Celeron® Processor	1.40 GHz 1.30 GHz 1.20 GHz	May 15, 2002 1.40 GHz Jan. 3, 2002 1.30 GHz Oct. 2, 2001 1.20 GHz	0.13-micron	256 KB Advanced Transfer L2 cache	100 MHz	Value PCs
Intel® Celeron® Processor	1.10 GHz 1 GHz 950 MHz 990 MHz 850 MHz 800 MHz	Aug. 31, 2001 1.10 GHz 1 GHz 950 MHz Jul. 2, 2001 900 MHz May 21, 2001 850 MHz Jan. 3, 2001 800 MHz	0.18-micron	128 KB Advanced Transfer L2 cache	100 MHz	Value PCs
Intel® Celeron® Processor	766 MHz 733 MHz 700 MHz 667 MHz 633 MHz 600 MHz 566 MHz	Nov. 13, 2000 766 MHz 733 MHz June 26, 2000 700 MHz 667 MHz 633 MHz March 29, 2000 600 MHz 566 MHz	0.18-micron	128 KB Advanced Transfer L2 cache	66 MHz	Value PCs
Intel® Celeron® Processor	533 MHz 500 MHz 466 MHz 433 MHz 400 MHz 366 MHz 333 MHz 300 MHz	Jan. 4, 2000 533 MHz Aug. 2, 1999 500 MHz Apr. 26, 1999 466 MHz Mar. 22, 1999 433 MHz Jan. 4, 1999 400 MHz 366 MHz Aug. 24, 1998 333 MHz Aug. 24, 1998 300A MHz	0.25-micron 19 million	128 KB Advanced Transfer L2 cache	66 MHz	Value PCs
Intel® Celeron® Processor	300 MHz 266 MHz	June 8, 1998 300 MHz Apr. 15, 1998 266 MHz	0.25-micron 7.5 million	NA	66 MHz	Value PCs

*Ultra Low Voltage*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Core Voltage	Wattage	Typical Use
Ultra Low Voltage Mobile Intel® Celeron® Processor	800 MHz 733 MHz 700 MHz 650 MHz	Jan. 14, 2003 800 MHz Sept. 16, 2002 733 MHz 700 MHz Jan. 21, 2002 650 MHz	0.13-micron	256 KB on-die L2 cache	133 MHz	1.1 volts	<1 watt	Business and consumer mobile PCs
Ultra Low Voltage Intel® Mobile Celeron® Processor	600 MHz 500 MHz	May. 21, 2001 600 MHz Jan. 30, 2001 500 MHz	0.18-micron	128 KB on-die L2 cache	100 MHz	1.1 volts	<1 watt	Business and consumer mobile PCs

*Low Voltage*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Core Voltage	Wattage	Typical Use
Low Voltage Mobile Intel® Celeron® Processor	866 MHz 733 MHz	Jan. 14, 2003 866 MHz Apr. 17, 2002 733 MHz	0.13-micron	256 KB on-die L2 cache	100 MHz	1.15 volts	<2 watts	Value ultra-portable mobile PCs
Low Voltage Mobile Intel® Celeron® Processor	600 MHz	May 21, 2001	0.18-micron	256 KB on-die L2 cache	100 MHz	1.35 volts	<2 watts	Value ultra-portable mobile PCs

*Mobile*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Core Voltage	Wattage	Typical Use
Mobile Intel® Celeron® Processor	2.20 GHz 2 GHz 1.80 GHz 1.70 GHz 1.60 GHz 1.26 GHz	Apr. 16, 2003 2.20 GHz 1.26 GHz Jan. 14, 2003 2 GHz Sept. 16, 2002 1.80 GHz 1.70 GHz 1.60 GHz	0.13-micron	256 KB on-die L2 cache	400 MHz	1.3 volts	NA	Value mobile PCs
Mobile Intel® Celeron® Processor	1.50 GHz 1.40 GHz 1.33 GHz	June 24, 2002	0.13-micron	256 KB and 128 KB on-die L2 cache	400 MHz and 133 MHz	1.4 volts	NA	Value mobile PCs
Mobile Intel® Celeron® Processor	1 GHz	Apr. 17, 2002	0.13-micron	256 KB on-die L2 cache	133 MHz	1.4 volts	NA	Value mobile PCs
Mobile Intel® Celeron® Processor	1.20 GHz 1.13 GHz 1.06 GHz	Jan. 21, 2002	0.13-micron	256 KB on-die L2 cache	133 MHz	1.45 volts	NA	Value mobile PCs
Mobile Intel® Celeron® Processor	850 MHz 800 MHz 750 MHz 700 MHz 650 MHz 600 MHz 550 MHz 500 MHz 450 MHz	July 2, 2001 850 MHz May 21, 2001 800 MHz Mar. 19, 2001 750 MHz Sept. 25, 2000 700 MHz June 19, 2000 650 MHz 600 MHz Apr. 24, 2000 550 MHz Feb. 14, 2000 500 MHz 450 MHz	0.18-micron	128 KB on-die L2 cache	100 MHz	1.6 volts	NA	Value mobile PCs
Mobile Intel® Celeron® Processor	466 MHz 433 MHz	Sept. 15, 1999	0.25-micron 18.9 million	128 KB on-die L2 cache		1.9 volts	NA	Value mobile PCs
Mobile Intel® Celeron® Processor	400 MHz	June 14, 1999	0.25-micron 18.9 million	128 KB on-die L2 cache		1.6 volts	NA	Value mobile PCs
Mobile Intel® Celeron® Processor	366 MHz	May 17, 1999	0.25-micron 18.9 million	128 KB on-die L2 cache		1.6 volts	NA	Value mobile PCs
Mobile Intel® Celeron® Processor	333 MHz	Apr. 5, 1999	0.25-micron 18.9 million	128 KB on-die L2 cache		1.6 volts	NA	Value mobile PCs
Mobile Intel® Celeron® Processor	266 MHz 333 MHz	Jan. 25, 1999 18.9 million	0.25-micron	128 KB on-die L2 cache		1.6 volts	NA	Value mobile PCs

Intel® Pentium® III Xeon™ Processor

Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Addressable Memory	Bus Speed	Typical Use
Intel® Pentium® III Xeon™ Processor	900 MHz	Mar. 21, 2001	0.18-micron 28 million	2 MB Advanced Transfer L2 cache	64 GB	100 MHz	High-end servers, 4- and 8-way multiprocessing systems
Intel® Pentium® III Xeon™ Processor	933 MHz	May 24, 2000	0.18-micron 28 million	256 KB Advanced Transfer L2 cache	64 GB	133 MHz	Business and consumer PCs, 1- and 2-way servers and workstations
Intel® Pentium® III Xeon™ Processor	700 MHz	May 22, 2000	0.18-micron 28 million	1 MB and 2 MB Advanced Transfer L2 cache	64 GB	100 MHz	4- and 8-way servers
Intel® Pentium® III Xeon™ Processor	866 MHz 800 MHz 733 MHz 667 MHz 600 MHz	Apr. 10, 2000 866 MHz Jan. 12, 2000 800 MHz Oct. 25, 1999 733 MHz 667 MHz 600 MHz	0.18-micron 28 million	256 KB Advanced Transfer L2 cache	64 GB	133 MHz	2-way servers and workstations
Intel® Pentium® III Xeon™ Processor	550 MHz 500 MHz	Mar. 17, 1999	0.25-micron 9.5 million	512 KB, 1 MB and 2 MB Advanced Transfer L2 cache	64 GB	100 MHz	Business PCs, 2-, 4- and 8-way (and higher) servers and workstations

Intel® Pentium® II Xeon™ Processor

Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Addressable Memory	Bus Speed	Typical Use
Intel® Pentium® II Xeon™ Processor	450 MHz	Jan. 5, 1999	0.25-micron 7.5 million	512 KB 1 MB 2 MB	64 GB	100 MHz	4-way servers and workstations
Intel® Pentium® II Xeon™ Processor	450 MHz	Oct. 6, 1998	0.25-micron 7.5 million	512 KB	64 GB	100 MHz	Dual-processor servers and workstations
Intel® Pentium® II Xeon™ Processor	400 MHz	June 29, 1998	0.25-micron 7.5 million	512 KB 1 MB	64 GB	100 MHz	Midrange and higher servers and workstations

Intel® Pentium® II Processor

*Desktop*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Typical Use
Intel® Pentium® II Processor	450 MHz	Aug. 24, 1998	0.25-micron 7.5 million	512 KB on-die L2 cache	100 MHz	Business and consumer PCs; 1- and 2-way servers and workstations.
Intel® Pentium® II Processor	400 MHz 350 MHz	Apr. 15, 1998	0.25-micron 7.5 million	512 KB on-die L2 cache	100 MHz	Business and consumer PCs; 1- and 2-way servers and workstations.
Intel® Pentium® II Processor	333 MHz	Jan. 26, 1998	0.25-micron 7.5 million	512 KB on-die L2 cache	66 MHz	Business and consumer PCs; 1- and 2-way servers and workstations.
Intel® Pentium® II Processor	300 MHz 266 MHz 233 MHz	May 7, 1997	0.35-micron 7.5 million	512 KB on-die L2 cache		High-end business desktops, workstations and servers.

*Mobile*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Core Voltage	Wattage	Typical Use
Intel® Mobile Pentium® II Processor	400 MHz	June 14, 1999	0.18-micron 27.4 million	256 KB on-die L2 cache		1.5 volts	7.5 watts	Mobile PCs
Intel® Mobile Pentium® II Processor	400 MHz	June 14, 1999	0.25-micron 27.4 million	256 KB on-die L2 cache		1.55 volts	8.7 watts	Mobile PCs
Intel® Mobile Pentium® II Processor	366 MHz 333 MHz 300 MHz 266 MHz	Jan. 25, 1999	0.25-micron 27.4 million	256 KB on-die L2 cache		1.6 volts	9.5 watts	Mobile PCs
Intel® Mobile Pentium® II Processor	300 MHz	Sept. 9, 1998	0.25-micron 7.5 million	512 KB on-die L2 cache		1.6 volts	9.0 watts	Mobile PCs
Intel® Mobile Pentium® II Processor	266 MHz 233 MHz	Apr. 2, 1998	0.25-micron 7.5 million	512 KB on-die L2 cache		1.7 volts	8.6 and 7.5 watts	Mobile PCs

Intel® Pentium® Pro Processor

Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Cache	Bus Speed	Typical Use
Intel® Pentium® Pro Processor	200 MHz	Aug. 18, 1997	0.35-micron 5.5 million	1 MB on-die L2 cache		High-end desktops, workstations and servers.
Intel® Pentium® Pro Processor	200 MHz 180 MHz 166 MHz 150 MHz	Nov. 1, 1995	0.35-micron 5.5 million 0.6-micron	256 KB 512 KB on-die L2 cache		High-end desktops, workstations and servers.

Intel® Pentium® Processor Family

*Desktop*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Typical Use
Intel® Pentium® Processor with MMX™ Technology	233 MHz	June 2, 1997	0.35-micron 4.5 million	High-performance desktops and servers
Intel® Pentium® Processor with MMX™ Technology	200 MHz 166 MHz	Jan. 8, 1997	0.35-micron 4.5 million	High-performance desktops and servers
Intel® Pentium® Processor	200 MHz 166 MHz	June 10, 1996	0.35-micron 3.3 million	High-performance desktops and servers
Intel® Pentium® Processor	166 MHz 150 MHz	Jan. 4, 1996	0.35-micron 3.3 million	High-performance desktops and servers
Intel® Pentium® Processor	133 MHz	June 1995	0.35-micron 3.3 million	High-performance desktops and servers
Intel® Pentium® Processor	120 MHz	Mar. 27, 1995	0.6-micron 0.35-micron 3.2 million	Desktops and notebooks
Intel® Pentium® Processor	100 MHz 90 MHz	Mar. 7, 1994	0.6-micron 3.2 million	Desktops
Intel® Pentium® Processor	75 MHz	Oct. 10, 1994	0.6-micron 3.2 million	Desktops and notebooks
Intel® Pentium® Processor	66 MHz 60 MHz	Mar. 22, 1993	0.8-micron 3.1 million	Desktops

*Mobile*
Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Typical Use
Intel® Pentium® Processor with MMX™ Technology	300 MHz	Jan. 7, 1999	0.25-micron 4.5 million	Mobile PCs and mini-notebooks
Intel® Pentium® Processor with MMX™ Technology	266 MHz	Jan. 12, 1998	0.25-micron 4.5 million	Mobile PCs and mini-notebooks
Intel® Pentium® Processor with MMX™ Technology	233 MHz 200 MHz	Sept. 9, 1997	0.25-micron 4.5 million	Mobile PCs and mini-notebooks

Intel486™ Processors and Earlier

Processor	Clock Speed(s)	Intro Date(s)	Mfg. Process/ Transistors	Transistors	Addressable Memory	Typical Use
Intel486™ SL Processor	33 MHz 25 MHz 20 MHz	Nov. 9, 1992	0.8-micron	1.4 million	64 MB	First CPU specifically designed for Notebook PCs
IntelDX4™ Processor	100 MHz 75 MHz (256 KB L2 cache)	Mar. 7, 1994	0.6-micron	1.6 million	4 GB	High-performance, entry-level desktops and value notebooks
IntelDX2™ Processor	66 MHz 50 MHz (256 KB L2 cache)	Aug. 10, 1992 66 Mhz (256 KB L2 cache) Mar. 3, 1992 50 Mhz	0.8-micron	1.2 million	4 GB	High-performance, low-cost desktops
Intel486™ SX Processor	33 MHz 25 MHz 20 MHz 16 MHz	Sept. 21, 1992 33 MHz Sept. 16, 1991 25 MHz 20 MHz 16 MHz	0.8 and 1-micron	1-micron 1,185,000 0.8-micron 900,000	4 GB	Low-cost, entry-level desktops
Intel386™ SL Processor	25 MHz 20 MHz	September 30, 1991 25 MHz Oct. 15, 1990 20 MHz	1-micron	855,000	4 GB	First CPU designed specifically for portables
Intel486™ DX Processor	50 MHz 33 MHz 25 MHz	June 24, 1991 50 MHz May 7, 1990 33 MHz Apr. 10, 1989 25 MHz	1-micron 50 MHz 0.8-micron 33 MHz 25 MHz	1.2 million	4 GB	Desktops and servers.
Intel386™ SX Processor	33 MHz 25 MHz 20 MHz 16 MHz	Oct. 26, 1992 33 MHz 25 MHz Jan. 25, 1989 20 MHz June 16, 1998 16 MHz	1.5- and 1-micron	275,000	16 MB	Entry-level desktop and portable computing
Intel386™ DX Processor	33 MHz 25 MHz 20 MHz 16 MHz	Apr. 10, 1989 33 MHz Apr. 4, 1988 25 MHz Feb. 16, 1987 20 MHz Oct. 17, 1985 16 MHz	1.5- and 1-micron	275,000	4 GB	Desktops
80286	12 MHz 10 MHz 6 MHz	February 1982	1.5-micron	134,000	16 MB	Desktops (standard CPU for all IBM PCs clones at the time)
80186	12 MHz 10 MHz	1982				Used mostly in controller applications
8088	8 MHz 5 MHz	June 1979	3-micron	29,000		Desktops (standard CPU for all IBM PCs and PC clones at the time)
8086	10 MHz 8 MHz 5 MHz	June 8, 1978	3-micron	29,000	1 MB	Portable computing
8085	5 MHz	March 1976	3-micron	6,500		Toledo scale. Computed cost from weight and price. High level of integration, operating for first time on a single 5-volt power supply (down from 12 volts).
8080	2 MHz	April 1974	6-micron	4,500	64 KB	Traffic light controller, Altair computer (first PC).
8008	200 KHz	April 1972	10-micron	3,500	16 KB	Dumb terminals, general calculators, bottling machines, data/character manipulation
4004	108 KHz	Nov. 1971	10-micron	2,300	640 Bytes	Busicom calculator, arithmetic manipulation

Reference: www.Intel.com

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